It is high summer now. Many young birds have fledged and are bulking up for the trip south. Berries and fruits are appearing on the plants. Fish runs are in full swing.
Edible berries, fruits and seeds are the plants’ way of using animals to propagate themselves. Squirrels eat spruce seeds and then poop little packets of the fertilized seed kernels. This is the spruce’s way of getting itself propagated in a shady forest. It is the same…